Подготовка к экзамену TOEFL. Урок 2

 РАЗДЕЛ 1

Чтобы успешно выполнить вторую часть экзамена (Structure and Written Expression), нужно обладать системой определённых грамматических знаний. Прежде чем давать какие-либо упражнения и рекомендации, мы хотим предложить тест на проверку основных грамматических структур и определение степени вашей готовности к этой части экзамена.

ТЕСТ 
Только одно предложение из двадцати не содержит ошибки/ошибок!

Only one sentence is correct!
1. I wonder when he comes back tonight.
2. The burglar alarm will go off in case somebody tries to 
break in.
3. I usually have got a cold at this time of year.
4. Tolstoy has written many good novels.
5. I have been living there for ten years. Now I live in LA.
6. It's the first time I'm eating Japanese food.
7. His clothes doesn't appeal to me at all. Get him buy 
something better.
8. My mother is so irritable. She will shout to me all the 
time.
9. What is she like? - She's tall and slim.
10. Russian is twice more difficult than I thought.
11. It took three times longer than I expected.
12. I didn't enjoy the party because I was boring.
13. After digging in the garbage, the dog didn't smell well.
14. He couldn't afford buying that big a car.
15. I wish I would see her again.
16. I'd rather you not call me so early in the morning. Will you
call me later?
17. It is important that she hands in her paper by tomorrow.
18. Being an early riser, it was easy for Carrie to adjust to 
her company's new summer schedule.
19. Everybody has the right to freedom, don't they?
20. Everybody arrived late, what didn't surprised me in the 
least.

Желаем удачи! Правильный ответ и объяснения - в следующем уроке.



РАЗДЕЛ 2

В этом уроке мы рассмотрим основные требования к сочинению и предложим его образец (TOEFL Sample Essay). Наиболее часто встречающийся тип сочинения тот, в котором предлагаются две точки зрения/два варианта ответа. Нужно рассмотреть преимущества и недостатки этих точек зрения, поддержать одну из них или изложить собственную.

Основные требования к сочинению на экзамене TOEFL. 

1. Требуемый объём сочинения - 200-300 слов. Время - 30 минут.
2. Сочинение должно иметь ясный план и чёткую структуру: 
введение, основную (1-3 абзаца) и заключительную части.
3. Между всеми частями сочинения должна быть чёткая взаимосвязь.
4. В сочинении вы должны прямо ответить на поставленный вопрос 
и уметь аргументировано изложить свою точку зрения.
5. Сочинение должно показать, что вы владеете различными 
грамматическими структурами и достаточным словарным запасом. 


TOEFL SAMPLE ESSAY 

There are many different kinds of advertising (on the radio, on television, in newspapers, in magazines, and on billboards). In your opinion, which one of these kinds of advertising is the most effective? Why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

All advertising media share a common goal: to reach as many consumers as possible and convince them to buy a certain product. They all employ similar strategies to achieve this objective, but some are more effective than others. In my opinion, television is the most effective because of several advantages it has over other advertising media.

For one thing, I believe television advertising has a greater power to engage its audience than print and radio media have. While print appeals only to the sense of sight and radio only to hearing, television appeals to both sight and hearing simultaneously. Moreover, a television advertisement is a moving film and therefore is quite successful at presenting the illusion of reality. The characters in a television commercial seem alive. For these reasons, we are probably more likely to pay close attention to a television commercial than to a radio commercial or an ad in a magazine.

Secondly, the advantage of television advertising over other advertising media is related to the costs involved in producing television commercials. Because of the extremely high cost of advertising on television, the companies which can afford the expense can also afford to do intensive market research. In other words, they can study market trends and buying habits in order to target a very specific consumer audience.


Finally, of all the advertising media, television reaches the widest audience. With a television in nearly every household and the average person watching several hours of television per day, television presents an enormous possibility of exposing a product to a large number of people.

In conclusion, the advantages of television advertising make it by far the most effective advertising medium. Since the marketing industry is very competitive, even the smallest advantage can give a company an edge over its competitors. Thus, companies with a large advertising budget undoubtedly prefer television to other forms of advertising media.


В следующих уроках мы продолжим работу над сочинением.
До скорой встречи!


Лариса КОПТЕЛОВА
и Лонни ХАРРИСОН,
преподаватели Лингвистической школы
общения "Система-3"