Past Perfect c упражнениями
Past Perfect с упражнениями
Past Perfect очень прост для понимания. Он используется ТОЛЬКО в контексте прошедшего времени. Например, в повествовании, ведущемся в прошедшем времени. Его значение - выраженное им действие произошло до какого-то другого действия. То второе действие (которое произошло позже) почти всегда выражается Past Simple. Past Perfect еще называют "Предпрошедшим временем".
Примеры по-русски. В них Past Simple будет курсивом, Past Perfect - жирным подчеркнутым шрифтом:
Когда я пришел, они уже съели мой арбуз.
Я посмотрел на чашку, которую разбил мой приятель.
То есть, англичане используют Past Perfect, чтобы подчеркнуть, что одно действие произошло раньше другого.
When I came, they had eaten my water-melon.
I looked at the cup, that my friend had broken.
Теперь объяснения того же самого из моей любимой английской грамматики.
Представь себе ситуацию (разметка в русском та же):
На прошлой неделе я ходил на вечеринку. Том тоже туда ходил. Том ушел домой в 10.30. Поэтому, когда япришел в 11, Тома там не было. Он уже ушел домой. - When I arrived at the party, Tom wasn't there. He had gone home.
Утверждение, отрицание и вопрос в Past Perfect образуется также, как и в Present Perfect, но у вспомогательного глагола to be в прошедшем только одна форма - had. (Что облегчает нам задачу!)
When I arrived at the party, Tom had gone home.
When I arrived at the party, Tom had not gone home.
Had Tom gone home, when I arrived at the party?
Еще пояснения по смыслу с примерами:
Мы используем Past Perfect, чтобы сказать, что что-то уже произошло, до какого-то времени в прошлом:
When I got home, I found that someone had broken into my flat and had stolen my fur coat.
George didn't want to come to the cinema with us because he had already seen the film twice.
It was my first time in the airplane. I was very nervous because I hadn't flown before.
Сравни значения Past Perfect и Past Simple.
Был Том на вечеринке, когда ты пришел? - Нет, он уже ушел домой.
Was Tom at the party when you arrived? - No, he had already gone home.
НО:
Был Том на вечеринку когда ты пришел? - Да, но он ушел домой вскоре после моего прихода.
Was Tom at the party when you arrived? - Yes, he was, but he went home soon afterwards.
Энн не было дома, когда я ей звонил. Она была в Лондоне. (одновременность действий - все три выражаются Past Simple).
Ann wasn't at home when I phoned her. She was in London.
НО:
Энн только что вернулась домой, когда я ей позвонил. Она была в Лондоне. (Вернулась чуть раньше, чем я звонил. Была в Лондоне раньше моего звонка - действия не одновременные, те, которые раньше, выражаются Past Perfect.)
Ann had just got home when I phoned her. She had been to London.
Упражнения:
I. Дополни предложения, используя слова в скобках. Ситуация такая: ты вернулся в свой родной город через много лет и обнаружил, что многое изменилось.
Пример:
Most of my friends were no longer there. They had left (leave).
(Пояснения: no longer - "больше не". Most of my friends were no longer there - Моих друзей больше небыло там.)
1. My best friend, Kevin, was no longer there. He _____ (go) away.
2. The local cinema was no longer open. It ________(close) down.
3. Mr. Johnson was no longer alive. He _______ (die).
4. Bill no longer had his car. He ________ (sell) it.
II. закончи предложения, используя слова never, before, как в примерах, и глаголы в скобках в нужной форме. (Обрати внимание на порядок слов - never между вспомогательным и смысловым глаголами,before - в конце предложения)
Пример:
Mr. And Mrs. Davis were in an airplane. They were very nervous, when the plane took off, because they (fly) had never flown before.
1. Jane played tennis yesterday, but she wasn't very good at it, because she (play) ________________.
2. It was Kate's first driving lesson. She was very nervous and didn't know what to do. She (drive) ___________.
III.
Составь предложения, используя слова в скобках.
I wasn't hungry. (I/just/have/lunch) I had just had lunch.
1. Tom wasn't at home when I arrived. (he/just/go/out).____________
2. We arrived at the cinema late. (the film/already/begin).___________
IV.
Поставь глагол в нужной форме (Past Perfect или Past Simple) в зависимости от смысла. (Здесь постарайся не попасться! Еще раз перечитай смысловое значение Past Perfect)
1. The house was very quiet when I got home. Everybody _____________(go) to bed.
2. I felt very tired when I got home, so I ______(go) straight to bed.
3. Sorry I am late. The car ______(break) down on my way here.
4. There was a car by the side of the road. It ________ (break) down and the driver was trying to repair it. So we _______ (stop) to help him.
Ответы:
I.
1. My best friend, Kevin, was no longer there. He had gone away.
2. The local cinema was no longer open. It had closed down.
3. Mr. Johnson was no longer alive. He had died.
4. Bill no longer had his car. He had sold it.
II.
1. Jane played tennis yesterday, but she wasn't very good at it, because she had never played it before.
2. It was Kate's first driving lesson. She was very nervous and didn't know what to do. She had never driven a car before.
III.
1. Tom wasn't at home when I arrived. He had just gone out.
2. We arrived at the cinema late. The film had already begun.
IV.
1. The house was very quiet when I got home. Everybody had gone to bed.
2. I felt very tired when I got home, so I went straight to bed.
3. Sorry I am late. The car broke down on my way here.
4. There was a car by the side of the road. It had broken down and the driver was trying to repair it. So we stopped to help him.