Предлог + -ing с упражнением

Are you interested in working for us? — Вы заинтересованы работать на нас?

I'm very good in learning languages. — Я очень хорошо усваиваю/изучаю языки. Мне хорошо дается изучение языков.

This knife is only for cutting bread. — Этот нож (предназначен) только для резки хлеба.

Before going out I phoned Ann.

Многозначный предлог by может использоваться для того, чтобы сказать, как что-то произошло:

They got into the house by breaking a kitchen window and climbing in. — Они попали в дом, разбив кухонное окно изабравшись (через него) внутрь.

You can improve your English by doing a lot of reading. — Вы можете улучшить свой английский, читая многокниг.

Without — без.

Tom left without finishing his dinner. — Том ушел, не закончив обедать.

She ran five miles without stopping.

He climbed through the window without anybody seeing him. — Он залез в окно незамеченным. (так, что его никто не видел).

She needs to work without people disturbing her. — Ей нужно работать так, чтобы ее не беспокоили (чтобы никто ей не мешал).

It's nice to go on holiday without having to worry about money. — Здорово отправиться в отпуск без необходимости думать о деньгах. (Здесь have to в форме герундия, но значение остается "необходимость что-то делать")

Не путай to как часть инфинитива и to как предлог:

They decided to go out.

I want to play tennis. — в обоих случаях to — часть инфинитива.

Tom went to London.

He gave the book to Ann.

I prefer cities to the countryside. (Я предпочитаю города, а не деревню/Мне больше нравятся город, чем деревня. Prefer something to something — предпочитать что-то, а не что-то)

В этих трех случаях to — предлог.

Поэтому если за ним идет глагол, то он имеет окончание -ing:

I prefer cycling to driving. — Я больше люблю ездить на велосипеде, а не на машине.

Упражнения.

Прочитай первое предложение и напиши второе:

I phoned Ann and then I went out. After phoning Ann I went out.

1.       Tom went to bed but first he had a hot drink.

Before _____________

2.       The plane took off and soon afterwards it crashed.

Soon after ______________

3.       We didn't eat at home. We went to a restaurant instead.

Instead of ________________

4.       You put people's lives in danger if you drive dangerously.

You put people's lives in danger by _________________

5.       George took more exercise and so lost weight.

By ____________________

6.       Tom thinks that doing nothing is better than working.

Tom prefers doing nothing to ____________

7. He translated the article. He didn't use a dictionary.

He translated the article without ___________

7.       Look left and right before you cross the road.

Don't cross the road without ____________

Ответ:

1. Tom went to bed but first he had a hot drink.

Before going to bed Tom had a hot drink.

2. The plane took off and soon afterwards it crashed.

Soon after taking off the plane crashed.

3. We didn't eat at home. We went to a restaurant instead.

Instead of eating at home we went to a restaurant.

4. You put people's lives in danger if you drive dangerously.

You put people's lives in danger by driving dangerously.

5. George took more exercise and so lost weight.

By taking more exercise George lost weight.

6. Tom thinks that doing nothing is better than working.

Tom prefers doing nothing to working.

7. He translated the article. He didn't use a dictionary.

He translated the article without using a dictionary.

7. Look left and right before you cross the road.

Don't cross the road without looking left and right.