Глагольные конструкции
Использование формы с -ing
1 Форма c -ing (герундий или настоящее причастие) используется после предлогов.
I'm good at running.
We're thinking of living abroad.
I'm interested in seeing your book.
After having lunch, we tidied up.
I'm looking forward to meeting you.
We can't get used to driving on the left.
Обратите внимание, что в двух последних примерах to является предлогом, поэтому за ним следует форма с-ing. Здесь to НЕ часть инфинитива.
2 Форма c -ing используется после определенных глаголов.
I enjoy visiting my relatives.
She denies stealing the money.
Вот еще несколько подобных глаголов:
avoid admit finish can't stand don't mind
adore give up keep on can't stop can't help
3 Есть глаголы, за которыми следует дополнение + -ing.
I hate people telling me what to do.
You can't stop me doing what I want.
I can hear someone playing the violin.
I spent the weekend gardening.
Don't waste time doing nothing.
4 Форма c -ing может использоваться как подлежащее или дополнение.
Living in a big city is exciting.
Smoking is had for your health.
I find working in the garden a real bore.
5 Форма c -ing используется после определенных идиоматических выражений.
It's no use talking to her. She never listens.
This book is worth reading.
There's no point in doing it your way. It won't work.
It's no good saying you're sorry. It's not enough.
Примечание
После глагола suggest может идти -ing или придаточное с that.
He suggested going to London to look for work.
I suggest (that) we all go to bed.
Формы инфинитива
Present Simple
I want to have a bath.
It's time to go.
Present Continuous
It's nice to be sitting here with you.
I'd like to be lying next to a swimming pool.
They seem to be having a few problems.
Perfect
I'd like to have seen his face when you told him.
He seems to have forgotten about our date.
I hope to have retired by the time I'm fifty.
Passive
I'd like to be promoted to sales manager.
There's a lot of tidying up to be done.
I asked to be informed as soon as there was any news.
Примечание
• Эти инфинитивы используются после модальных глаголов без to.
You should be working, not watching TV.
She must have gone home early.
This essay must be done by tomorrow.
Использование этих инфинитивов
1 Инфинитивы используются после определенных глаголов.
I can't afford to pay the bill.
I hope to see you again soon.
I didn't mean to hurt you.
Вот еще несколько подобных глаголов:
agree attempt choose dare decide expect help want learn
manage need offer promise refuse seem long
2 Есть глаголы, после которых идет дополнение + инфинитив.
He advised me to listen carefully.
They invited her to have lunch.
Вот еще несколько подобных глаголов:
allow remind |
encourage teach | someone to do something
order tell |
persuade force |
3 есть глаголы, после которых иногда идет дополнение + инфинитив, а иногда — нет.
I want to go home. / I want you to go home.
I'd like to help you. / I'd like you to make up your own mind.
Вот еще несколько подобных глаголов:
ask beg |
expect would love | to go
help would prefer | someone to do something
need would hate |
Примечание
Глагол help можно использовать как с to так и без него.
She helped me tidy up.
She helped me to tidy up.
4 Инфинитив используется после make, let и allow.
She made me do the exercise again, (действительный залог— без to)
I was made to stand in the corner, (страдательный залог - с to)
He let me go home. (действительный залог— без to)
He allowed me to go home.
I was allowed to borrow the car.
В этом предложении let в страдательном залоге ставить нельзя. *I was let.
5 Инфинитив используется после определенных прилагательных.
It's difficult to explain how to get there.
It's impossible to get through to her.
Pleased to meet you.
I'm surprised to see you here.
You were lucky to find me.
Dogs are easy to train.
It's good to be back home.
She's nice to talk to.
Обратите внимание использование for
It's difficult for me to explain.
6 Инфинитив используется после определенных существительных.
It's time to go.
It's a good idea to ask for help.
I didn't agree with the decision to close down the factory.
There's no need to ask for permission.
My job gives me the opportunity to travel.
7 Инфинитив используется для выражения цели.
I came here to learn English.
I need more money to buy all the things I want.
8 Инфинитив используется после определенных вопросительных слов.
I don't know what to do.
Can you tell me how to get there?
9 Инфинитив можно использовать с too и с enough.
I was too tired to eat.
There were too many people to get in the house.
It's cold enough to snow.
There isn't enough time to do all the things I'd like to.
Форма с -ing или инфинитив?